Cognitive Dissonance.
Why do you sometimes act against your beliefs or cling to opinions despite conflicting evidence?
The answer lies in a fascinating psychological phenomenon called cognitive dissonance.
We experience mental discomfort when our thoughts, beliefs, and actions clash.
This gap between perception and reality can be surprisingly powerful, shaping our choices and influencing how we see the world.
Imagine a passionate environmentalist driving a gas-guzzling SUV.
This discrepancy creates dissonance, prompting a desire to resolve it.
One way is to rationalize: “I need the SUV for work,” or “Electric cars aren’t practical yet.”
This reduces the discomfort but doesn’t necessarily change the underlying issue.
Cognitive Dissonance Introduction
Cognitive dissonance is the process preceding what we refer to as justification—specifically, merging two or more conflicting elements (your actions vs. your behavior/beliefs). People attempt to explain their actions when they are contrary to their beliefs.
A significant expression of these brain maps is a phenomenon known as “cognitive dissonance.” An imbalance of the mind and emotions maintains humanity in ongoing ignorance and servitude.
Understanding cognitive dissonance means understanding so much about the human condition. Cognitive dissonance is defined as “two minds,” primarily with one mind contradicting another.
This mostly takes the form of a belief contradicted by experience, information, or behavior. Cognitive (knowledge, awareness) dissonance (discord) is the state of internal stress and unease caused by a person’s belief not matching their experience, behavior, or facts.
That one short sentence describes most of humanity and why the world is as it is. This unease insists that we square the circles by resolving the contradiction, mainly by lying to ourselves, or what I would call a self-deception.
What Does Dissonance Mean?
Dissonance, in a general sense, refers to a lack of harmony or agreement between elements. It is often used to describe a state of discord or inconsistency, particularly in music, psychology, and other fields.
In music, dissonance refers to the combination of sounds perceived as unstable, tense, or harsh due to their proximity or irregular intervals. Dissonance creates a sense of tension that typically resolves into a more stable and harmonious sound.
In psychology, specifically in cognitive dissonance theory, dissonance refers to the psychological discomfort that arises when individuals hold conflicting beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors.
This internal conflict motivates individuals to reduce the dissonance by either changing their beliefs or behaviors or by rationalizing their choices to align with their existing beliefs.
Overall, dissonance conveys a sense of discord or inconsistency, whether in musical compositions, psychological states, or other contexts where there is a lack of harmony or agreement between elements.
Unveiling Cognitive Dissonance
Cognitive dissonance, a concept introduced by psychologist Leon Festinger in the 1950s, describes the discomfort that arises when individuals hold conflicting beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors. It’s as if our minds are engaged in a perpetual tug-of-war, striving to reconcile inconsistencies to maintain a sense of internal harmony.
Consider this: You fervently believe in leading a healthy lifestyle, yet indulge in fast food more often than you’d care to admit.
This misalignment between belief and action generates a state of cognitive dissonance, compelling you to either alter your behavior or rationalize your choices to alleviate the discomfort.
Bridging the Gulf
So, how do we bridge the chasm between perception and reality? The answer lies in fostering critical thinking skills and cultivating a willingness to confront cognitive dissonance head-on.
By acknowledging the discomfort arising from conflicting beliefs and actively seeking out diverse perspectives, we can dismantle the barriers that impede our understanding of the world.
Furthermore, fostering an environment that encourages open dialogue and respectful discourse is essential in challenging entrenched beliefs and promoting greater awareness of social issues. Through education and advocacy, we can collectively strive toward a more equitable society where perception aligns with reality.
Cognitive dissonance plays a role in various aspects of our lives:
- Decision-making: We often justify choices to maintain a positive self-image even if they aren’t ideal.
- Confirmation bias: We tend to seek information that confirms existing beliefs, ignoring contradictory evidence.
- Groupthink: Pressure to conform can lead to individuals suppressing doubts and accepting group decisions.
Here are some tips:
- Acknowledge the gap: Recognizing dissonance is the first step towards addressing it.
- Examine your justifications: Are they valid or simply self-serving?
- Seek diverse perspectives: Expose yourself to different viewpoints to challenge your assumptions.
- Embrace cognitive flexibility: Be open to changing your mind based on new information.
Bridging the gap between perception and reality isn’t always easy. Still, by understanding your internal conflicts, we can make more conscious choices and foster a more nuanced understanding of ourselves and the world around us.
Remember:
- Cognitive dissonance is a normal human experience.
- Recognizing and understanding it can empower you to make informed decisions.
- Openness to diverse perspectives and self-reflection are key to reducing its influence.
The four types of cognitive dissonance
Cognitive dissonance theory, proposed by psychologist Leon Festinger, outlines four main types:
- Belief Disconfirmation occurs when a person’s beliefs are contradicted by evidence or experiences. For example, if someone strongly believes in the effectiveness of a particular diet plan but fails to lose weight despite adhering to it strictly, they may experience cognitive dissonance.
- Induced Compliance: This type arises when a person is compelled to behave in a manner inconsistent with their beliefs or attitudes. For instance, if someone who values environmental conservation is persuaded to participate in activities that harm the environment, they may experience discomfort due to the inconsistency between their values and actions.
- Free Choice: Cognitive dissonance can occur when a person is forced to choose between two desirable options, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. After making the decision, the individual may experience discomfort or doubt about whether they made the right choice, leading to friction. An example could be choosing between two equally appealing job offers and later questioning if the selected job was truly the best fit.
- Effort Justification: This type arises when individuals expend significant effort or resources to achieve a goal they later perceive as unworthy of the investment. For example, suppose someone endures rigorous training to join a prestigious club or organization only to find it less fulfilling than expected. In that case, they may experience cognitive dissonance as they reconcile their efforts with the perceived outcome.
These four types of cognitive dissonance illustrate how individuals may experience psychological discomfort when faced with inconsistencies in their beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors.
Recognizing and understanding these different types can help individuals navigate and cope with internal friction more effectively.
What Causes This Internal Conflict?
Internal conflict arises from the tension between conflicting beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors within an individual’s mind. Several factors contribute to the emergence of this psychological discomfort:
Inconsistency: When individuals encounter information or experiences contradicting their beliefs or values, it creates a sense of inconsistency. This misalignment triggers cognitive dissonance as the mind grapples with the discord between what is perceived as true and the conflicting evidence or experiences.
Dissonant Behavior: Engaging in actions incongruent with one’s beliefs or attitudes can also lead to cognitive dissonance. For example, if someone strongly values honesty but lies in a particular situation, the discrepancy between their behavior and ethical principles causes internal conflict.
Decision Making: Making choices can generate cognitive dissonance, especially when individuals are confronted with competing options, each with its own set of pros and cons. After making a decision, individuals may experience doubt or regret, questioning whether they made the right choice. This uncertainty contributes to cognitive dissonance.
Effort Justification: Investing significant effort or resources into pursuing a goal or belief that does not yield the expected outcomes can lead to cognitive dissonance. Individuals may struggle to reconcile the discrepancy between their efforts and the perceived outcomes, experiencing disappointment or disillusionment.
Social Influence: External factors, such as societal norms, peer pressure, or cultural expectations, can also contribute to cognitive dissonance. Individuals may conform to societal standards or expectations that are inconsistent with their personal beliefs or values, leading to internal conflict as they navigate the tension between fitting in and staying true to themselves.
Self-Perception: People often strive to maintain a positive self-image and consistency in how they perceive themselves. Cognitive dissonance arises when confronted with evidence or experiences that challenge this self-perception as individuals struggle to reconcile the disparity between their ideal self and actual behavior.
Cognitive dissonance stems from the innate desire for consistency and coherence in thought, belief, and action. When confronted with inconsistencies or conflicts, individuals experience psychological discomfort as they endeavor to restore harmony within their cognitive framework.
Cognitive Dissonance or Doublethink
So basically, cognitive dissonance is our way out of sin. We know it’s right, but we’ll do something wrong and convince ourselves that wrong is correct.
Humans are constantly conflicted and mercilessly exploited by those who wish to control us. “Shut up, and I don’t want to hear it” is one expression of cognitive dissonance or an effort to avoid it.
How often do we hear this when a rigid belief system faces information contradicting reality? Those words betray what happens when beliefs and perceptions are challenged by evidence.
To remove the dissonance, the stress of contradiction, people mostly (a) dismiss the belief-challenging information as untrue without further investigation or (b) change their beliefs and assumptions in the light of new knowledge or experience.
You learn from new information and experience and expand your awareness. If you do the latter, cognitive dissonance can be a positive thing. Unfortunately, most people take the other route and protect their belief system from all challenges.
This is most powerful among religious believers, academics, scientists, doctors, and those with a rigid political or cultural worldview. If they had to choose between their belief system and greater understanding, their belief system would win every time.
George Orwell described what we now call cognitive dissonance as “doublethink” – the ability to hold two contradictory beliefs and accept that both are true.
Cognitive dissonance theory examples would be:
- War is peace
- Freedom is slavery
- Ignorance is strength
- Security is freedom
- The War on Anything (Drugs, terror, cancer, poverty, etc.).
All these examples capture the self-delusion of cognitive dissonance. Sometimes, our behavior and beliefs don’t match, and this mismatch can lead to stress. This problem needs to be explored further.
What’s happening in our brains when we’re inconsistent? Can we learn anything from this discomfort?
Conclusion
As I leave the bustling café, I’m left with a newfound appreciation for the complexities of human cognition.
Cognitive dissonance is a poignant reminder of the intricacies of navigating the divide between perception and reality.
We can journey toward greater understanding and empathy by embracing discomfort and pursuing truth. This journey begins with a single step towards bridging the chasm.
⇒Read Next: Unhealed Shadow Aspects Of The Self